This study examined the incidence of stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI) by age and ethnicity in 2 New Zealand population-based epidemiological studies (Brain Injury Outcomes New Zealand In the Community [BIONIC] and Auckland Regional Outcomes of Stroke Studies [ARCOS-IV]). A similar stroke risk was seen for men and women, but men had a 2-fold higher relative risk of mild TBI and a 3-fold relative risk of moderate/severe TBI compared with females. The incidence of TBI was over 5-fold that of stroke. Māori had the highest incidence of TBI after 5 years of age, while New Zealand European/Pākehā had the highest TBI incidence in those aged <5 years. Higher incidences of stroke were observed for Pacific people and Māori until 75-84 years, after which Europeans had a higher incidence. The observed differences with ethnicity suggest the need for different prevention strategies for the 2 groups.
TBI has been described as a silent epidemic for Māori as it often goes undiagnosed, but people are living with the long-term consequences including behavioural issues, learning difficulties and chronic fatigue. It is also worth remembering that sustaining a TBI in childhood is associated with increased likelihood for imprisonment as an adult, with high rates of TBI identified in incarcerated Māori.
Independent commentary by Dr. Matire Hardwood
Dr Matire Harwood (Ngapuhi) has worked in Hauora Māori, primary health and rehabilitation settings as clinician and researcher since graduating from Auckland Medical School in 1994. She also holds positions on a number of boards, committees and advisory groups including the Health Research Council. Matire lives in Auckland with her whānau including partner Haunui and two young children Te Rangiura and Waimarie.
Research Review publications are intended for New Zealand health professionals.
Disclaimer: This publication is not intended as a replacement for regular medical education but to assist in the process. The reviews are a summarised interpretation of the published study and reflect the opinion of the writer rather than those of the research group or scientific journal. It is suggested readers review the full trial data before forming a final conclusion on its merits.
