This review examined the national policies and legislation in Brazil, Chile, Australia and New Zealand to support Indigenous engagement in identifying and addressing the differential health needs of Indigenous peoples. Although all four countries have adopted international agreements regarding the engagement of Indigenous peoples in health, national policy, legislation and practice vary significantly. Comparatively, New Zealand has established policies to facilitate Indigenous engagement and significant initiatives and policy structures to address Indigenous health. However, such policies may not necessarily translate into practice and New Zealand policies have been reported as insufficient and potentially contributing to health inequity for Māori.
