An Indigenous adaptation of the ‘Williams model’, known as the Te Kupenga Hauora Māori modified model, has been developed to understand the causes of racial/ ethnic disparities in health. The modified model spearheads colonisation as a critical determinant of health inequities, underpinning all levels from basic to surface causes. It also attempts to reflect the dynamic interplay between causes at different levels. The influence of worldviews/positioning is included as a cause of health inequities, and privilege alongside racism is emphasised. The model creators provide a critique of its limitations, and indicate areas for further strengthening.