This paper contends that rigorous methods for the scientific study of discrimination and health require (1) conceptual clarity about the exploitative and oppressive realities of racism and other forms of adverse discrimination; (2) careful attention to domains, pathways, level, and spatiotemporal scale, in historical context; (3) structural-level measures; (4) individual-level issues of domains, nativity, and use of both explicit and implicit discrimination measures; and (5) an embodied analytic approach. The paper concludes that public health researchers must use the best science possible, to ensure that the public becomes aware of the extent and health consequences of racial discrimination.