Using relational dialectics theory, these researchers explored the cultural practices and communication tensions arising among Māori kaumātua (elders) and their whānaunga (extended family) during the end-of-life journey. Interviews were conducted with 21 kaumātua and focus groups with 39 whānau members. The study identified three cultural practices (dying at home, prayer, and song) that helped to build connection among the family members and also helped to connect the dying person to the spiritual world. Four communication tensions were identified: (a) autonomy and connection; (b) conflict and connection; (c) isolation and connection; and (d) balancing the needs of self and other. The following strategies were used to manage these tensions: (a) coordination conversations; (b) inclusion in decision-making conversations; (c) emotional support within the whānau; and (d) passing on lessons to the next generation.
