A review of implementation science theories, models and frameworks (TMFs) may be used as a guide to TMF selection and to illustrate how TMFs have been used in equity-focused implementation activities. A total of 26 papers describing 15 TMFs and their operationalisation were included from analysis of literature published between January 2011 and April 2022. TMFs were categorised as determinant frameworks (n = 4), implementation theories (n = 1), process models (n = 6) and evaluation frameworks (n = 3). One framework contained elements of determinant, process and evaluation and was therefore classified as a ‘hybrid’ framework. An equity focus was present in 12 TMFs, and three were established TMFs applied in an equity context. Systems-level factors were at least partially considered in all TMFs, with macro-, meso- and micro-level influences on equity and implementation fully considered in five.
