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Gene expression in the placenta: maternal stress and epigenetic responses

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Summary:

These researchers discuss the evidence from preclinical and clinical studies of placental gene expression responses to maternal stress such as hypoxia, protein deficiency, and caloric excess. The paper discusses these gene expression changes within a framework of the biochemical pathways and molecular mechanisms, arguing that stresses to the maternal organism can result in alterations of great biological and epigenetic importance to the developing embryo and foetus.

Comment:
I’ve included this paper in response to the recent media attention given to the studies linking maternal nutrition to long-term conditions in their children. Two important points made here regarding the place of epigenetics and Māori are: that a focus on maternal wellbeing (including things like reduced stress, good nutrition, adequate antenatal care) can have a significant impact on genetic expression and consequently whānau wellbeing; and that it is much more complex than just blaming “your mother’s poor diet”.
Reference: Int J Dev Biol. 2010;54(2-3):507-23.
Independent commentary by Dr. Matire Hardwood

Dr Matire Harwood (Ngapuhi) has worked in Hauora Māori, primary health and rehabilitation settings as clinician and researcher since graduating from Auckland Medical School in 1994. She also holds positions on a number of boards, committees and advisory groups including the Health Research Council. Matire lives in Auckland with her whānau including partner Haunui and two young children Te Rangiura and Waimarie.

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