A Kaupapa Māori focus group study has identified themes that can be used to inform assessment of older Māori with cognitive impairment. A total of 241 older Māori were involved in 17 focus groups across New Zealand, including 8 families from one region. Data from audio-recorded interviews was transcribed and thematically analysed. Results identified two overarching themes, connection (Tūhononga) and self (Whaiaro). Eight subthemes were also identified: mind (hinengaro), spirit (wairua), body (tinana), family (whānau), social connection (whanaungatanga), identity and role (tuakiri), place (wāhi), and ancestors (tūpuna). Māori language (Te Reo Māori) was deemed important for cognitive health. The study authors noted that their findings improve understanding of dementia (mate wareware) in Māori, and that the Tūhononga Whaiaro framework suggests factors potentially crucial for healthy aging in Māori.
