This theme issue of the American Journal of Public Health focuses on links between racial/ethnic discrimination and health outcomes. The themed section opens with an article that reviews current measures, research approaches, data resources, and results of research on race/ethnicity-based health care discrimination. Subsequent articles centre on issues of measurement, implicit bias, perception of discrimination and institutional racism. The issue illustrates the state of the field, describes current methodology, identifies research gaps and suggests areas that should be considered for future research. It is intended to serve as a valuable resource for researchers in this topic area and will help position researchers, policy makers, and professionals at all levels of health care to address the effects of discrimination in the evolving health care environment. The full text of the articles may be accessed free of charge at http://healthservices.cancer.gov/areas/disparities/supplement.html. A single printed copy of the issue may be ordered online from the NCI Publications Locator (https://pubs.cancer.gov/ncipl/home.aspx?js=1).